避免过敏原对婴儿期过敏性疾病发展的影响
S H Arshad1, S Matthews, C Gant
1Clinical Allergy Research Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 20, 1992
概括
在高风险婴儿中,早期避免过敏原显著减少了过敏性疾病. 这种预防方法在12个月后降低了喘和湿疹的发病率.
科学领域:
- 儿科过敏和免疫学
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 临床研究 临床研究
背景情况:
- 过敏性疾病是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题.
- 早期的过敏原暴露是可疑的过敏性疾病发展的因素.
- 确定高风险婴儿的保护策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿期避免食物和吸入过敏原是否能预防高风险婴儿的过敏性疾病.
- 评估预防性干预对阿托皮发展的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项产前随机对照试验,涉及120名高风险婴儿 (高IgE,家族病史).
- 预防组:母乳养期间避免使用过敏原 (牛奶,蛋,鱼,坚果),限制婴儿饮食,控制环境过敏原 (杀虫剂治疗).
- 控制组:不受限制的母婴饮食,没有环境控制. 监测过敏原水平 (皮肤病原虫 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)) 的情况.
主要成果:
- 预防组的13%患有过敏性疾病,对照组的40%患有过敏性疾病 (几率比率6.34).
- 在预防组中观察到喘 (1.1-15.5) 和湿疹 (1.0-12.5) 的流行率明显较低.
- 父母吸烟成为发展过敏的重要危险因素.
结论:
- 在婴儿期预防性避免食物和吸入过敏原是有效的预防高风险婴儿的过敏性疾病.
- 饮食修改和环境过敏原控制可以显著降低亚托皮性疾病的发病率.
- 在过敏预防策略中,应该考虑父母戒烟.
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