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相关概念视频

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster
10:10

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: September 20, 2014

人类HOX4B调节元件在Drosophila胚胎中提供了特定于头部的表达.

J Malicki1, L C Cianetti, C Peschle

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.

Nature
|July 23, 1992
PubMed
概括

人类HOX4B基因元素可以调节Drosophila中的基因表达,这表明节肢动物和带动物之间保留了自我调节电路. 这一发现支持发育基因调节中的进化联系.

科学领域:

  • 发育生物学 发展生物学
  • 进化遗传学 进化遗传学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 家庭盒基因,包括形虫 (Dfd),在发育中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 人类HOX4B是DFD的结构同类物,可以激活DFD在Drosophila的转录.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查人类HOX4B cis-regulatory元素是否可以在功能上模仿Dfd Drosophila的自我调节元素.
  • 探索跨物种的Dfd特定自我调节电路的保护.

主要方法:

  • 转基因Drosophila胚胎被用来测试人类HOX4B上游元素的功能.
  • 在Drosophila中分析了HOX4B元素的表达模式.
  • 一种Drosophila Dfd自我调节元素在小鼠胚胎中进行了测试.

主要成果:

  • 一个人类的HOX4B上游元素意外地在Drosophila的后部头部部分指导了表达.
  • 一个Drosophila Dfd自我调节元件在小鼠后脑中显示出局部的空间表达.

结论:

  • 人类HOX4B cis-regulatory元素可以表现出与Drosophila Dfd元素的功能性保护.

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Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
11:13

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster
10:10

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: September 20, 2014

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
11:13

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

  • 这些发现表明,在关节动物和带动物的谱系中,Dfd特定的自我调节电路得到了保留.
  • 这突出了在发展过程中轴位置特异性中保存的机制.