2000年全球吸烟导致的死亡率估计
1Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2003
概括
在2000年,吸烟在全球造成了近500万例过早死亡,发展中国家面临着相当大的负担. 迫切需要采取干预措施来制吸烟.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 吸烟是一个重要的全球健康风险,在发展中国家的流行率越来越高.
- 了解吸烟导致的死亡率的规模对于公共卫生规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计2000年因吸烟而导致的全球和区域死亡率.
- 分析与这些死亡率估计相关的不确定性.
主要方法:
- 利用肺癌死亡率作为累积吸烟风险的间接指标.
- 考虑到家庭使用煤炭和通风,估计从未吸烟者肺癌死亡率.
- 从已建立的队列研究中应用相对风险,并根据混因素和区域推断进行调整.
主要成果:
- 据估计,2000年全球有483万例过早死亡与吸烟有关.
- 死亡率几乎均地分布在发展中国家 (2.41万) 和工业化国家 (2.43万) 之间.
- 心血管疾病,慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌是吸烟相关死亡的主要原因.
结论:
- 在2000年,吸烟是导致全球死亡的一个主要原因.
- 如果没有有效的干预措施,吸烟相关的健康损失预计将增加,特别是在发展中国家.
- 有针对性的政策对于减少男性吸烟和防止发展中国家女性吸烟率上升至关重要.
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