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相关概念视频

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 11, 2026

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

在大肠杆菌中错误翻译.

P Edelmann, J Gallant

    Cell
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    概括
    此摘要是机器生成的。

    通过结合35S-氨酸来测量细菌鞭毛蛋白误译. 像链杆菌素这样的抗生素增加了这种误译,表明蛋白质合成中的错误.

    科学领域:

    • 微生物学 微生物学
    • 分子生物学分子生物学
    • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

    背景情况:

    • 素是细菌鞭毛的关键组成部分,自然缺乏氨酸残留物.
    • 错误翻译,或蛋白质合成中的错误,可以在体内发生,并影响细胞功能.
    • 众所周知,菌素和菌素等抗生素可以在体外蛋白质合成中诱导错误.

    研究的目的:

    • 通过测量35S-氨酸在鞭毛蛋白中的结合来量化体内错误翻译.
    • 为了研究链杆菌素和新菌素对鞭毛蛋白误译的作用.
    • 为了确定蛋白质合成过程中代码子误读的概率.

    主要方法:

    • 从细菌培养物中净化鞭毛素.
    • 使用SDS-PAGE检测35S-氨酸被纳入鞭毛蛋白.
    • 在正常和抗生素治疗条件下的错误翻译率的分析.
    • 关于错误地读取阿尔金因密码子及其对氨酸结合的影响的研究.

    主要成果:

    • 在正常条件下,在鞭毛蛋白中检测到微量35S-半氨酸 (约35S-半氨酸). 6 X 10(-4) pmole 半氨酸/pmole 鞭毛蛋白).
    • 斯特雷普托米辛和尼奥米辛显著增加了35S-半氨酸的纳入鞭毛蛋白.

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    Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli
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    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: May 11, 2026

    Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
    14:06

    Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

    Published on: November 12, 2012

    Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
    06:18

    Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

    Published on: April 26, 2019

    Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli
    06:56

    Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli

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  • 氨酸饥饿加剧了relA-突变体中氨酸的结合,这表明对氨酸密码子 (CGU/CGC) 的误读.

    • 结论:

    • 在体内错误翻译可以通过将标记的氨基酸结合到像鞭毛蛋白这样的无氨酸蛋白质中来准确地测量.
    • 链胺和新胺诱导了显著的错误翻译,可能是由于误读了阿金密码子.
    • 每个编码子推断的误读概率在10(-4) 范围内.