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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

来自抗原处理突变细胞系的HLA-DR分子与不变链相关.

J M Riberdy1, J R Newcomb, M J Surman

  • 1Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

Nature
|December 3, 1992
PubMed
概括

不变链防止过早的与MHCII类分子结合. 在T2细胞中,一种叫做CLIP的片段阻碍了抗原加载,影响了免疫反应.

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 不变链 (Ii) 对于主要基因相容性复合 (MHC) II 类抗原处理至关重要.
  • 在内分泌网膜中与MHC类II相关,防止过早的结合.
  • Ii将MHCII-II类复合物引导到内体体隔间进行载.

研究的目的:

  • 调查MHCII类抗原处理缺陷中不变链及其碎片的作用.
  • 描述特定不变链对突变细胞系中MHCII类负荷的影响.

主要方法:

  • 利用了T2细胞转染剂,一种具有MHC相关基因缺陷的人类细胞系.
  • 分析了MHCII类分子与不变链衍生 (CLIP) 的关联.
  • 在不同pH条件下对HLA-DR3分子进行了体外化物加载试验.

主要成果:

  • 在T2转菌剂中缺陷的抗原处理与MHCII类与CLIP的显著关联.
  • 来自T2细胞的HLA-DR3分子在体外低pH下显示出有效的负荷.
  • 合成的CLIP添加抑制了抗原载荷,这表明CLIP在阻断结合部位的作用.

结论:

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

  • 作为不变链的片段,CLIP涉及阻断MHCII类分子的结部位.
  • 这种阻塞导致某些MHC突变细胞系中观察到的抗原处理缺陷.
  • 了解CLIP的功能,可以了解MHCII类对抗原呈现的调节.