在英国的儿童中严重视力障碍和失明
1Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Department of Ophthalmology/Visual Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK. j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 31, 2003
概括
儿童严重视力障碍和失明 (SVI/BL) 比以前想象的更常见和复杂,通常与其他健康问题并发,并导致更高的死亡率. 许多原因是无法预防或治疗目前的知识.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 预防儿童视力障碍和失明是全球卫生优先事项.
- 缺乏关于发病率和病因的最新数据,阻碍了有效的预防策略.
- 了解儿童失明对于资源分配和干预计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定英国16岁以下儿童严重视力障碍和失明 (SVI/BL) 的发生率和原因.
- 确定导致儿童SVI/BL.的风险因素和相关条件.
- 为儿童视力障碍的预防和管理提供公共卫生战略的信息.
主要方法:
- 在2000年期间,英国对16岁以下儿童新诊断的SVI/BL病例进行国家主动监测.
- 计算年龄组特定和累计发病率.
- 根据解剖部位,侮辱的时间和因果因素对病因的分类,并指出同时发生的非眼科疾病.
主要成果:
- 每年SVI/BL的发病率在生命的第一年是最高的 (4.0/10,000),16岁时的累积发病率为5.9/10,000.
- 77%的被诊断的儿童有其他非眼科疾病.
- 61%的病例归因于产前因素;75%的病例患有目前无法预防或治疗的疾病.
结论:
- 在英国,儿童SVI/BL比以前认为的更为普遍和复杂,通常与非眼部损伤和死亡率增加有关.
- 发病率和原因因非眼科状况,出生体重和种族而异,反映出人口变化和风险因素.
- 许多原因的复杂性和有限的可预防性凸显了儿童视力损失预防和治疗方面的挑战.
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