花的颜色位点的基因替代产生了子花的授粉者转移
H D Bradshaw1, Douglas W Schemske
1Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. toby@u.washington.edu
Nature
|November 14, 2003
概括
主要的突变可以推动快速的适应性进化. 一个单一的基因突变显著改变了野生花的花色,大大改变了授粉者吸引力,并证明了进化中的大型遗传变化的力量.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 植物科学 植物科学
背景情况:
- 主要突变在适应性进化中的作用是一个长期存在的争论.
- 经典观点倾向于许多小效应突变,与最近的理论相反,这些理论认为影响更大.
研究的目的:
- 实证地估计野生植物适应性突变的程度.
- 为了研究在黄色上部 (YUP) 位点的替代性基因的适应性价值.
主要方法:
- 繁殖近同位基线 (NILs) 的Mimulus lewisii和Mimulus cardinalis与交换YUP等位基因.
- 在实地研究中观察授粉者访问率到修改的花色表型.
主要成果:
- 带有M. lewisii YUP (粉红色花) 等位基因的M. cardinalis NIL获得了蜂群访问的74倍.
- 带有M. cardinalis yup等位基因 (黄色色花朵) 的M. lewisii NILs的蜂鸟访问量增加了68倍.
结论:
- 一个单一的重大突变可以显著改变授粉者偏好.
- 这种突变可以启动植物种群的适应性转变,挑战经典的进化论.
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01:39Test Cross
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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01:43Incomplete Dominance
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.