相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Quantification of Efferocytosis by Single-cell Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: August 18, 2018
氨酸氨酸酶受体是需要清除apoptotic细胞的
Ming O Li1, Matthew R Sarkisian, Wajahat Z Mehal
1Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
概括
脂素受体 (PSR) 对于在发育过程中去除亡细胞至关重要. 在小鼠中,PSR缺乏导致细胞积累,异常器官生成和新生儿死亡,突出显示了PSR的重要作用.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 亡是发育过程中的一个关键过程,需要细胞有效清除死细胞.
- 控制细胞介导的亡细胞清除的分子机制尚未完全阐明.
- 脂素受体 (PSR) 是一个参与识别和吞细胞的候选分子.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究脂素受体 (PSR) 在哺乳动物发育过程中亡细胞清除中的作用.
- 确定PSR缺乏对器官生成和新生儿存活率的影响.
- 探索PSR介导的细胞和发育性大脑异常之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 使用了缺少PSR (淘汰赛) 的小鼠模型.
- 观察并分析了各种器官,特别是肺和大脑中亡细胞的积累.
- 现型特征的PSR淘汰赛小鼠,包括对大脑发育和生存率的评估.
主要成果:
- 缺乏PSR的细胞在清除亡细胞方面表现出显著的缺陷.
- 观察到PSR缺乏小鼠的肺和大脑中死细胞的积累.
- 在PSR淘汰赛中,小鼠表现出异常发育和新生儿死亡率,其中一些小鼠表现出大脑增生表型.
结论:
- 氨酸氨酸受体 (PSR) 在早期哺乳动物器官发生过程中,在有效去除亡细胞方面发挥着关键作用.
- 缺少PSR会导致发育缺陷和死亡率,这表明它与呼吸道应急综合征和先天性脑形等疾病有关.
- 这些发现暗示着细胞在调节发育过程方面具有更广泛的作用,可能由PSR介导,超出了简单的细胞尸体去除.
相关概念视频
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Autophagic Cell Death
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
The Proteasome
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy
Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

