来自埃塞俄比亚的Oligocene哺乳动物和Afro-Arabia和欧亚大陆之间的动物交换
John Kappelman1, D Tab Rasmussen, William J Sanders
1Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. jkappelman@mail.utexas.edu
Nature
|December 5, 2003
概括
埃塞俄比亚的化石发现显示,非洲-阿拉伯哺乳动物大约2400万年前过渡. 在欧亚移徙者到来之前,虫类 (大象的亲属) 已经多样化,一些特有群体已经灭绝.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 哺乳动物进化 哺乳动物进化
- 新一代生物地理学新一代生物地理学
背景情况:
- 非洲-阿拉伯哺乳动物群体在奥利古森/米奥森边界附近经历了显著的变化 (大约. 在2400万年前).
- 固有的动物被北半球的移民所取代,但由于缺乏3200万至2400万年前的化石证据,精确的时间和动态仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究非洲-阿拉伯哺乳动物过渡的时间和进化动态.
- 了解在欧亚移民到来之前的土著动物动态.
- 确定移民对特有哺乳动物群体的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自埃塞俄比亚的Oligocene晚期化石组合的挖掘和分析.
- 化石组合的约会,以限制哺乳动物迁徙的时间.
- 对动物组成进行比较分析,以了解进化模式和灭绝事件.
主要成果:
- 埃塞俄比亚的化石汇集可以追溯到2700万年前后,改进了哺乳动物迁移到非洲阿拉伯的时间表.
- 动物群包括多种多样的状食草动物,这表明特有群体的持续存在到奥利古纪晚期.
- 螺旋体动物表现出明显的多样化,而其他群体,如arsinoitheres灭绝和hyracoids减少多样性.
结论:
- 非洲阿拉伯的哺乳动物过渡发生在2700万年前之后,这是由欧亚移民的到来所推动的.
- 地方性哺乳动物群体经历了差异性的成功,Proboscideans成功地辐射并在全球传播.
- 这一事件突出了在重大生物地理转变期间,土著动物群中存在"赢家和输家"的模式.
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