Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Genetic mechanisms underlying the structural elaboration and dissemination of viral internal ribosomal entry sites.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Structural studies of nedicistrovirus IRES-driven, initiation factor-independent translation shed light on key steps of eukaryotic translation elongation.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

The mechanism of ribosomal recruitment during translation initiation on the Type 2 encephalomyocarditis virus IRES.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Structural mechanism of mRNA decoding by mammalian GTPase GTPBP1.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Structural Studies of Nedicistrovirus IRES-Driven, Initiation Factor-independent Translation Shed Light on Key Steps of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Structural mechanism of mRNA decoding by mammalian GTPase GTPBP1.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026
Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

在翻译启动过程中合折叠.

Tatyana V Pestova1, Christopher U T Hellen

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Cell
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

细胞启动因子4E (eIF4E) 和eIF4G蛋白质相互折叠,形成一个稳定的复合体. 这种复合物增强信使RNA (mRNA) 盖结合,促进有效的蛋白质合成启动.

更多相关视频

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 翻译启动是基因表达的一个关键步骤,由各种蛋白质因素调节.
  • 细胞启动因子4E (eIF4E) 在绑定信使RNA (mRNA) 的5'盖上起着中心作用.
  • 了解eIF4E互动的结构基础对于破译翻译法规至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明eIF4E和eIF4G之间的相互作用的结构基础.
  • 了解这种复杂的形成如何影响mRNA帽结合和翻译启动.
  • 调查合折叠在复杂稳定性和功能中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 进行X射线晶体学以确定eIF4E-eIF4G-m(7)GDP复合物的结构.
  • 生物化学测试以测量帽结合活性.
  • 在体外翻译测试以评估对翻译启动的影响.

主要成果:

  • 这项研究揭示了真核细胞启动因子eIF4E的高分辨率结构,该因子与eIF4G和m(7) GDP的相关域相结合.
  • 观察到eIF4E和eIF4G领域之间的结合折叠的证据,导致一个稳定的复合体.
  • 形成的复合物表现出高盖结合活性,这对于有效的核糖体附着于mRNA至关重要.

结论:

  • eIF4E和eIF4G的合折叠对于形成具有高结亲和度的稳定复合物至关重要.
  • 这种稳定复合体是翻译启动的关键调节者,它通过促进对mRNA有效的核糖体负载来促进翻译启动.
  • 这些发现为基因表达调节的基本机制提供了结构性的见解.