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多次埃博拉病毒传播事件和中非野生动物的快速衰退
Eric M Leroy1, Pierre Rouquet, Pierre Formenty
1Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR034, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon. Eric.Leroy@ird.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 2004
概括
最近在加和刚果爆发的埃博拉病毒与处理受感染的动物尸体有关. 监测动物死亡可能有助于预测和预防未来人类埃博拉疫情.
科学领域:
- * 流行病学 流行病学
- * 病毒性疾病生态学
- * 动物传播疾病监测监测
背景情况:
- *在4年内,加和刚果共和国发生了多次人类和动物埃博拉病毒病 (EVD) 爆发.
- *人类的埃博拉病毒流行与与大猩猩,黑猩猩和鹿的尸体接触有关.
- *在人类埃博拉病毒爆发期间观察到大猿种群的显著下降,这表明埃博拉病毒感染.
研究的目的:
- * 调查最近在中非爆发期间埃博拉病毒的起源和传播动态.
- * 探索动物种群作为人类埃博拉病毒流行病源的作用.
- * 评估动物死亡率监测对预测和预防未来埃博拉疫情的潜力.
主要方法:
- *分析了来自加和刚果共和国的人类和动物埃博拉病毒疫情数据.
- *检查在人类和动物病例中发现的病毒菌株.
- *人类埃博拉病毒流行病与特定动物尸体处理事件的相关性.
- * 对动物群体健康和死亡率的监测.
主要成果:
- *人类埃博拉病毒爆发涉及多次,由不同埃博拉病毒菌株驱动的同时流行.
- *每个流行病都与单一动物尸体 (大猩猩,黑猩猩或鱼) 的独特处理有关.
- * 在尸体中发现的埃博拉病毒菌株表明从自然储库宿主中多次引入.
- *动物种群在人类埃博拉病毒爆发期间出现明显下降.
结论:
- * 埃博拉病毒在猿类动物中的爆发很可能是由于未知的天然宿主反复引入病毒的结果.
- * 处理受感染的动物尸体是人类埃博拉病毒流行病的主要驱动因素.
- * 对动物死亡率的监测是早期发现和预防人类埃博拉病毒爆发的可行策略.
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