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相关概念视频

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

整体蛋白调节Rac通过膜领域的内部化来定位目标.

Miguel A del Pozo1, Nazilla B Alderson, William B Kiosses

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. mdelpozo@scripps.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 7, 2004
PubMed
概括

细胞粘附通过控制富含胆固醇的膜域来调节Rac1蛋白活性. 集成蛋白信号和脂质调节是Rac1的关键.

科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 将Rac1转移到等离子膜对于激活下游效应器至关重要.
  • 为了激活Rac1,需要因特林介导的细胞粘附于细胞外基质.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究膜脂质和脂质在Rac1转位中的作用.
  • 了解细胞粘附如何通过膜域动态调节Rac1活动.

主要方法:

  • 研究了活性Rac1与不同膜组合的结合偏好.
  • 研究了细胞脱离对血胆固醇和脂质标记物的影响.
  • 研究了防止脂质内部化对Rac1膜向和效应器激活的影响.

主要成果:

  • 活性Rac1优先结合于低密度的,富含胆固醇的膜.
  • 细胞脱离诱导了血胆固醇和脂质标记物的内部化.
  • 抑制脂质内部化维持Rac1膜向和非粘附细胞中的效应器激活.

结论:

  • 膜脂质组成,特别是胆固醇含量,影响Rac1的局部化.
  • 集成蛋白信号调节脂质动力学,控制粘附细胞中的Rac1活性.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays
10:37

Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays

Published on: October 8, 2015

Evaluation of Protein–Protein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique
07:07

Evaluation of Protein–Protein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique

Published on: July 19, 2019

  • 向脂质调节提供了一个潜在的策略来调节Rac1-依赖的信号通路.