随着时间的推移,水疫苗的有效性
Marietta Vázquez1, Philip S LaRussa, Anne A Gershon
1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520-8064, USA.
JAMA
|February 19, 2004
概括
脊髓灰质炎疫苗是非常有效的,但它的保护在第一年后会减弱. 15个月前的早期疫苗接种可能会降低最初的有效性,尽管大多数突破病例是轻微的.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
背景情况:
- 报道称,在接种疫苗的人群中爆发了水 (天花),这引起了人们对疫苗有效性的担忧.
- 了解影响疫苗有效性的因素对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估疫苗接种后的时间和疫苗接种时的年龄对疹疫苗有效性的影响.
- 评估免疫力减弱或早期免疫年龄是否会影响对水的保护.
主要方法:
- 从1997年3月到2003年6月,在康涅狄格州南部的20个小组实践中进行了一项病例控制研究.
- 339名确诊患有水的儿童 (PCR对疹病毒DNA呈阳性) 与2个年龄和实践匹配的对照组进行了比较.
- 计算了疫苗的有效性,调整了潜在的混因素,专注于免疫接种以来的时间和免疫接种时的年龄.
主要成果:
- 整体调整后的天花疫苗有效率为87%.
- 疫苗接种后第一年 (97%) 的有效性明显高于2-8年 (84%) 的有效性.
- 15个月前接种疫苗在第一年 (73%) 与15个月或以上接种疫苗 (99%) 的有效性较低,尽管整体差异并不显著.
结论:
- 脊髓灰质炎疫苗显示出显著的有效性,但在一年后观察到下降.
- 虽然大多数突破性水感染在接种疫苗的人是温和的,免疫力减弱是一个关键的考虑因素.
- 接种疫苗的年龄,特别是15个月前,可能会影响早期的有效性,因此需要进一步研究最佳免疫时间.
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