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在伊拉克南部,医生参与侵犯人权的行为
Chen Reis1, Ameena T Ahmed, Lynn L Amowitz
1Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, Mass 02116, USA. CReis@phrusa.org
JAMA
|March 25, 2004
概括
伊拉克的医生参与了侵犯人权的行为,包括伪造报告和肢解,通常是在准军事部队的胁迫下. 预防需要加强医生道德教育和法律保障.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理与人权 医学伦理与人权
- 冲突后地区的公共卫生和政策
- 职业社会学的社会学
背景情况:
- 医生参与伊拉克萨达姆侯赛因政权下侵犯人权的行为是公认的,但记录不充分.
- 了解这种参与的范围和性质对于解决过去的违法行为和防止未来的事件至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述医生参与伊拉克侵犯人权的行为.
- 为了确定结构因素,使医生参与.
- 评估对未来滥用的问责制和预防策略.
主要方法:
- 一项对98名医生的调查以及对伊拉克南部医院主任和医生的半结构面试.
- 2003年6月至7月收集的数据,重点关注自1988年以来自报告和同行报告的参与滥用行为.
- 调查了酷刑,伪造报告和肢解等特定的滥用行为.
主要成果:
- 71%的人表示酷刑是极端问题;在非治疗性截肢方面有相当大的同行参与 (50%),伪造酷刑报告 (49%) 和伪造死亡证明 (32%).
- 医生同谋通常归因于费达伊人萨达姆 (93%) 的胁迫,以对自己或家人的恐惧为主要驱动因素.
- 预防措施强调道德教育 (99%),法律监督 (97%),惩罚性制裁 (96%) 和医生独立 (95%).
结论:
- 被调查的伊拉克医生报告说,医生参与了滥用,包括伪造医疗报告和证书,并进行肢解.
- 解决过去的违法行为和实施确保医生的独立性和问责制的措施对于伊拉克重建过程至关重要.
- 调查结果强调需要强有力的道德框架和法律保护,以防止未来的医疗专业参与侵犯人权行为.
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