相关概念视频
02:11The Cell Cycle Control System
The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
01:30Overview of Cell Death
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
01:24Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
01:28The Cell Cycle Control System
The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
01:27Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division
Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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通过细胞间的沟通和受管制的杀戮来进行编程的人口控制.
Lingchong You1, Robert Sidney Cox, Ron Weiss
1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
Nature
|April 6, 2004
概括
工程基因电路通过将基因表达与细胞存活联系起来来控制细菌种群. 这种新的方法使得尽管单个细胞的变异,可预测的种群动态.
科学领域:
- 合成生物学 合成生物学
- 微生物工程 微生物工程
- 系统生物学 系统生物学
背景情况:
- 由于固有的噪音和细胞变异性,在细胞中设计可预测的基因电路具有挑战性.
- 在人口层面控制细胞行为需要强大的机制来克服单个细胞差异.
研究的目的:
- 设计一种合成基因电路,用于对大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli) 的自主人口密度调节.
- 为了证明细胞之间的通信如何可以用来编程人群动态,尽管个体细胞的变化.
主要方法:
- 在大肠杆菌中设计和制造了一种"人口控制"基因电路.
- 利用细菌的定数感应系统,将细胞密度与细胞死亡率联系起来.
- 运用数学建模来预测和分析电路行为.
主要成果:
- 工程电路成功地自主调节了大肠杆菌的种群密度.
- 实现了细胞密度和基因表达的稳定,可调节的稳定状态.
- 在对环境变化的反应中证明了细胞死亡的可编程性.
结论:
- 通过细胞-细胞通信将基因表达与细胞存活相结合,可以实现强大的人口水平控制.
