基于计算机的面试用于查献血者是否有艾滋病毒传播风险
S E Locke1, H B Kowaloff, R G Hoff
1Center for Clinical Computing, Boston, MA 02115.
JAMA
|September 9, 1992
概括
计算机采访有效地识别出比标准方法更有风险的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染的献血者. 这种基于计算机的查也受到捐赠者的欢迎,提高了健康史收集的隐私和诚实.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
背景情况:
- 献血安全对于预防输血传播的感染至关重要.
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 风险因素的标准查方法可能在诱导方面存在局限性.
- 评估捐赠者的诚实和隐私感知对于有效的查至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估基于计算机的面试在检测血液捐献者之间艾滋病毒风险因素的有效性.
- 为了比较使用计算机采访与传统方法检测艾滋病毒风险因素的检测率.
- 通过基于计算机的查来评估献血者接受度和对隐私的看法.
主要方法:
- 一个随机交叉试验,比较计算机采访与美国红十字会标准查程序.
- 294名年龄在18-75岁的献血者被注册在血液中心和移动驱动器.
- 分析了捐赠者的反应,以确定与艾滋病毒相关的风险行为或症状.
主要成果:
- 计算机采访确定了12名具有艾滋病毒风险因素的捐赠者,而使用标准方法的捐赠者只有2名 (4.4%与0.13%,P < .0001).
- 计算机面试平均需要8分钟,被捐赠者认为更私密.
- 所有测试的血液样本均为HIV抗体呈阴性.
结论:
- 基于计算机的查显著增加了在献血者中检测艾滋病毒相关的风险因素.
- 与传统的问卷和面试相比,这种方法提供了更私密,可能更诚实的评估.
- 基于计算机的查是提高献血者安全的可接受和有效工具.
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