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美国女性肺癌:当代流行病
Jyoti D Patel1, Peter B Bach, Mark G Kris
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Ill 60611, USA. jd-patel@northwestern.edu
JAMA
|April 15, 2004
概括
肺癌是美国女性癌症死亡的主要原因,主要是由于吸烟. 对肺癌生物学性差异的研究对于有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 肺癌是美国女性癌症死亡的主要原因,相当于乳腺癌和妇科癌症的死亡总和.
- 吸烟仍然是肺癌的主要原因,尽管已知风险,但很大一部分美国女性继续吸烟.
- 烟草行业的营销和社会压力不成比例地针对女性和青少年女孩,导致吸烟的流行.
研究的目的:
- 强调对肺癌性别特定研究的迫切需要.
- 为了强调美国女性肺癌死亡率不断上升.
- 探索肺癌易感性和发展的潜在生物性别差异.
主要方法:
- 对美国女性肺癌趋势的流行病学数据的审查.
- 对性别之间的肺癌生物学差异的分析.
- 检查分子机制,包括DNA添加物,基因表达 (CYP1A1),DNA修复能力和基因突变 (K-ras).
主要成果:
- 从1930年到1997年,美国女性肺癌死亡率增加了600%,与吸烟率相关.
- 女性可能更容易受到香烟烟雾致癌物的影响.
- 观察到的性别特异性生物学差异包括更高的DNA附加物形成,增加的CYP1A1表达,减少的DNA修复,以及女性更多的K-ras突变.
结论:
- 性别特定的研究对于解决女性肺癌的重大负担至关重要.
- 雌激素信号传递,可能是通过肺瘤中发现的雌激素受体β,可能在肺癌的发展中发挥作用.
- 全球传播信息可以帮助防止女性开始使用烟草的地区出现类似的肺癌流行病.
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