进化性骨盆缩小的遗传和发育基础在三条脊椎背动物中
Michael D Shapiro1, Melissa E Marks, Catherine L Peichel
1Department of Developmental Biology and HHMI, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
Nature
|April 16, 2004
概括
三脊鱼的骨盆缩小是由Pitx1基因控制的. 在Pitx1中,调节性变化,而不是蛋白质变化,驱动后肢损失的进化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 发育遗传学的发展遗传学.
- 这就是Evo-Devo.
背景情况:
- 后肢损失在各种动物血统中多次演变.
- 骨盆缩小的遗传基础在自然种群中基本上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定遗传因素和分子机制,负责减少盆腔皮带的三脊.
- 研究Pitx1基因在这个进化过程中的作用.
主要方法:
- 进行了带有完整和缺少骨盆结构的三脊鱼之间的遗传交叉.
- 进行全基因组链接映射,以确定与骨盆缩小相关的染色体区域.
- 分析了Pitx1基因表达模式和骨盆减少个体的蛋白质序列.
主要成果:
- 盆腔缩小主要由含有Pitx1基因的主要染色体区域控制,还有额外的小区域.
- 盆腔减小的背动物表现出左右不对称,类似于Pitx1淘汰小鼠.
- 遗传变化涉及Pitx1表达的特定位点调节变化,而不是蛋白质编码序列的突变.
结论:
- 像Pitx1这样的关键发育基因中的调节突变可以促进自然种群的快速骨进化.
- 这些调节变化允许显著的表型变化 (盆腔减少),同时保持其他组织中基本的基因功能.
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