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相关概念视频

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...

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相关实验视频

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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在脊柱和树突侧链之间配有甲基氧化碳烯间隔剂的同类系列的树突聚合甲基烯酸盐:合成,表征和一些散装性质.

Afang Zhang1, Lidia Okrasa, Tadeusz Pakula

  • 1Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 27, 2004
PubMed
概括

研究人员合成了新的登德罗化宏观分子,并研究了它们的热诱导激素聚合 (TRP). 该研究比较了带有和没有甲基氧碳烯间隔器的聚合物,揭示了它们的散量特性和聚合行为.

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 宏分子科学 宏分子科学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 由于其分支架构,凝结聚合物具有独特的特性.
  • 了解结构修改对聚合和性能的影响对于开发先进材料至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成和表征第一个到第四代 (G1-G4) 带有甲基氧碳烯间隔器的 dendronized 宏观分子.
  • 为了研究这些单体的热诱导激素聚合 (TRP) 行为.
  • 为了比较带有间隔器和没有间隔器的登德罗化聚合物的聚合和散装特性.

主要方法:

  • 合成 G1-G4 树枝状的宏观分子.
  • 在没有启动器的情况下,在55°C的温度下进行热诱导的激素聚合 (TRP).
  • 使用凝透色谱 (GPC) 校准的G1基聚合物标准来确定摩尔质量.
  • 使用差分扫描热量计 (DSC),X射线衍射和动态机械测量,对散装物质 (结构和动态) 的研究.

主要成果:

  • 通过甲基氧碳烯间距器成功合成了G1-G4型登德罗化宏观分子.
  • 研究TRP的行为,产生凝结聚合物PG1s-PG4s.
  • 将聚合结果与缺乏间隔器的类似序列进行比较,提供关于间隔器效应的数据.
  • 这是对这些聚合物的散装性质进行的首次系统性,代代依赖的研究.

结论:

  • 这项研究提供了关于用间隔器合成和聚合的树化宏观分子的宝贵数据.
  • 这些发现有助于理解间隔剂在聚合过程中的作用以及基聚合物的特性.
  • 这项研究提供了关于不同寻常的聚合物的结构性质关系的见解.