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在鱼类中异常动态的性角色
Elisabet Forsgren1, Trond Amundsen, Asa A Borg
1Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, SE-45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden. elisabet.forsgren@bio.ntnu.no
Nature
|June 4, 2004
概括
在一项突破性的研究中,双斑鱼在单个繁殖季节内表现出快速的性别角色逆转. 这挑战了固定性角色的概念,揭示了脊椎动物显著的行为可塑性.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 性角色传统上被认为是物种内固定的,由于繁殖潜力更高,雄通常会为雌性而竞争.
- 操作性性别比率 (OSR),往往偏向男性,被认为驱动性选择的强度.
- 性角色的决定因素和性选择的强度仍然是重大辩论的主题.
研究的目的:
- 研究脊椎动物物种中性别角色和交配竞争的可塑性.
- 检查性选择的时间动态及其与操作性比的关系.
- 在鱼类模型中提供快速性别角色逆转的经验证据.
主要方法:
- 在其繁殖季节对双斑 (Gobiusculus flavescens) 进行了大规模的实地研究.
- 观察和记录了交配竞争和求爱行为中的变化.
- 监测人口动态和性别比,以评估运营性性别比.
主要成果:
- 在交配竞争中观察到一个引人注目的时间转变,最初有强烈的男性-男性竞争和男性求爱.
- 记录了在繁殖季后迅速过渡到女性与女性之间的竞争和女性发起的求爱,这表明性别角色的反转.
- 这种逆转发生在男性数量显著下降的情况下,导致女性偏向的运营性比率,与既定的理论相反.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了第一个证据,证明了脊椎动物的快速,短期性角色逆转.
- 这表明了性选择动态中显著的行为可塑性.
- 这些发现挑战了传统的假设,即将操作性比直接与性选择和性别角色的方向联系起来.
相关概念视频
01:20Mate Choice
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
01:06Fixed Action Patterns
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
00:55Parental Care
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
01:07Speciation Rates
Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
02:32Osmoregulation in Fishes
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...