在家养狗中学习单词:关于"快速映射"的证据
Juliane Kaminski1, Josep Call, Julia Fischer
1Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 12, 2004
概括
边界可以快速学习新词,类似于儿童通过快速地图学习的方式. 这表明,快速学习单词含义的能力依赖于一般认知机制,而不仅仅是人类语言能力.
科学领域:
- 动物认知 动物认知
- 比较心理学比较心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 儿童表现出"快速映射",在一次曝光后迅速学习新的词语含义.
- 这一过程传统上被认为是人类语言学习的独特特征.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查非人类动物,特别是边境犬,是否可以表现出快速映射.
- 探索快速单词学习背后的认知机制.
主要方法:
- 一只名为Rico的边境犬,已知词汇库有200多个项目,被暴露在新的物体名称中.
- 里科立即推断和检索这些新奇物品的能力,并在4周的延迟后使用排除学习进行了测试.
主要成果:
- 里科成功地通过排除推断了新的词语含义来演示快速映射.
- 他立即准确地获取了命名的新奇物品,并在4周后保留了这种能力.
结论:
- 快速映射并不仅限于人类语言学习.
- 这种能力似乎得到了各种物种共同的一般学习和记忆机制的支持.
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