蜜蜂巢温度调节:多样性促进了稳定性
Julia C Jones1, Mary R Myerscough, Sonia Graham
1School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jjones@bio.usyd.edu.au
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2004
概括
蜜蜂殖民地遗传多样性,由女王交配驱动,稳定了繁殖巢温度. 工人温度响应的多样性防止了蜂巢的极端通风,保持了热稳定.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 蜜蜂群体表现出高工人遗传多样性,这是由于多王后.
- 这种遗传多样性的适应性益处在很大程度上仍未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查殖民地遗传多样性对繁殖巢热稳定性的影响.
- 确定遗传多样性影响蜜蜂温度调节的机制.
主要方法:
- 基因多样化与基因统一蜜蜂群体的热稳定性比较.
- 分析个体工人对温度波动的反应.
- 对蜂巢通风行为的观察.
主要成果:
- 遗传多样化的殖民地表现出比遗传统一的殖民地更稳定的繁殖巢温度.
- 工人之间的遗传变异会影响温度反应的个体值.
- 这种工人层面的多样性调节了集体通风行为,防止对温度变化的过度反应.
结论:
- 殖民地遗传多样性在维持蜂蜜蜂的稳定巢温度方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 工人的遗传多样性提供了一个微调殖民地级温度调节的机制.
- 这项研究突出了蜂蜜中多性恋的显著好处,除了疾病抵抗力之外.
相关概念视频
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
01:18Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
01:28Factors Affecting Body Temperature
As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:
Factors may include:
01:25Increased Body Temperature
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
01:19Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
01:23Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature
Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...