撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒流行率和趋势:没有下降,但存在很大的分区域差异
Emil Asamoah-Odei1, Jesus M Garcia Calleja, J Ties Boerma
1WHO Regional Office for Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 6, 2004
概括
自20世纪90年代末以来,撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒患病率稳定下来,而东非则呈现下降趋势. 艾滋病毒趋势的区域差异需要量身定制的流行病应对措施.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区艾滋病毒监测的扩大正在调整流行病规模估计.
- 分析一致的产前诊所数据对于了解艾滋病毒流行趋势至关重要.
- 这项研究侧重于经验趋势,使用来自同一产前诊所的数据.
研究的目的:
- 为了记录最近艾滋病毒流行情况的经验趋势.
- 分析艾滋病毒趋势,使用来自撒哈拉以南非洲的产前诊所的一致数据.
- 提供有关该地区不断发展的艾滋病流行病的见解.
主要方法:
- 从1997年至2003年间的产前诊所收集的艾滋病毒流行数据.
- 包括来自22个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的300多家产前诊所的数据,包括大约14万名孕妇.
- 利用来自57个城市地区和省份的长期趋势数据进行全面分析.
主要成果:
- 在1997/98年至2002年期间,南部非洲艾滋病毒发病率的中位数从21.3%增加到23.8%,大多数地区的发病率都有所增加.
- 在同一时期,东非的艾滋病毒发病率中位数从12.9%下降到8.5%,大多数地区的发病率下降.
- 西非显示稳定的中位数艾滋病毒患病率约为3.5%,同等比例的地点报告增加和减少. 近年来,城市发展趋势显示趋于稳定.
结论:
- 自20世纪90年代末以来,撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒流行病增长已经趋于平稳,基于城市产前诊所监测.
- 只有东非地区的艾滋病毒发病率持续下降,突出显著的次区域差异.
- 考虑到这些持续的变化,对艾滋病流行病进行本地化,适当的反应是必不可少的.
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