变异性淋巴细胞受体的体质多样化在阿格纳森海的海
Zeev Pancer1, Chris T Amemiya, Götz R A Ehrhardt
1Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
Nature
|July 9, 2004
概括
没有的脊椎动物拥有独特的可变淋巴细胞受体 (VLRs),而不是典型的抗原受体. 这些由氨酸丰富的重复构建的VLRs通过基因重排使适应性免疫成为可能.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 没有的脊椎动物表现出适应性免疫力,但缺乏的脊椎动物中发现的抗原受体.
- 适应性免疫的进化起源及其分子基础在早期的脊椎动物血统中仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查鱼适应性免疫的分子基础,特别是寻找负责免疫识别的受体.
- 阐明适应性免疫的遗传根源,并在没有的鱼中确定新的免疫受体系统.
主要方法:
- 对鱼VLR位点进行基因组分析,以确定基因组织和多样性元素.
- 变性淋巴细胞受体 (VLR) 和它们的结构部件的分子表征.
- 在单个淋巴细胞中研究VLR基因重排机制.
主要成果:
- 在鱼中发现了一种新的可变淋巴细胞受体 (VLR) 类别,与基于免疫球蛋白的受体不同.
- VLRs由多种丰富于白的重复模块 (LRR) 组成,这些模块从单个位置内的大量磁带中重新排列.
- 淋巴细胞通过单基因重组来表达单个独特的VLR基因,产生显著的受体多样性.
结论:
- 灯使用一种独特的进化策略,采用VLR和LRR模块重新排列以获得适应性免疫力.
- 这一发现揭示了一条独特的途径,用于产生agnathans中的免疫受体多样性,与gnathostomes中的免疫球蛋白基因重组分开.
- 这项研究强调了脊椎动物用来建立自适应性免疫系统的多样化的进化策略.
更多相关视频
11:10Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study
Published on: June 29, 2016
08:09Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
Published on: March 24, 2017
相关概念视频
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Diversity of Protists II
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
