在 rhesus macaques 中的认知模仿
Francys Subiaul1, Jessica F Cantlon, Ralph L Holloway
1Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 17, 2004
概括
子通过观察来学习认知规则,而不仅仅是模仿运动. 观察专家加快了学习新序列的速度,证明了抽象规则的观察学习.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 传统的模仿研究侧重于获得运动技能.
- 观察学习对于许多物种的知识转移至关重要.
- 了解认知规则模仿提供了对复杂学习的洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 研究非人类灵长类动物的认知规则的观察性学习.
- 要区分运动模仿和认知规则复制.
- 评估观察专家是否有助于学习抽象序列.
主要方法:
- 两只 rhesus 被训练在一个触摸敏感显示器上.
- 子学会了按特定顺序呈现的照片的序列.
- 摄影位置随机变化以防止基于运动的序列学习.
- 一组观察专家;另一个通过试错学习.
主要成果:
- 观察专家的子比通过试错学习的子更快地学习新序列.
- 这表明学习一种认知规则,而不仅仅是运动行为.
- 随机定位排除了通过运动模仿学习的可能性.
结论:
- rhesus 可以通过观察来学习抽象的认知规则.
- 观察式学习超越了运动模拟,以获得规则.
- 这一发现对理解社会学习和认知有影响.
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