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相关概念视频

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
09:08

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: February 6, 2014

在固体中观察超流.

E Kim1, M H W Chan

  • 1Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 4, 2004
PubMed
概括

研究人员在固体-4中观察到非经典的旋转惯性,证明了固体状态中的超流体行为. 这一发现表明,超流动性存在于物质的三个阶段.

科学领域:

  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
  • 量子流体动力学 量子流体动力学

背景情况:

  • 超流动性是一种具有零粘度的物质状态,通常在液态-4和-3中观察到.
  • 固态超流体或超固体的存在一直是长期存在的理论和实验挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 研究固体-4中非经典旋转惯性 (NCRI) 的可能性.
  • 描述固体-4表现为超固体的条件.

主要方法:

  • 将固体-4限制在样本细胞内的环状通道中.
  • 将样品细胞置于扭转运动下,并测量共振振荡周期.
  • 将样品冷却到230毫克尔文以下,以观察振荡周期的变化.

主要成果:

  • 观察到共振振荡周期明显下降到230毫克尔文以下,这表明NCRI.
  • 测量了17个固体样本,绘制了从融线到66bar的超固体相极限.
  • 证明固体-4表现出类似超流体的行为.

结论:

  • 固体-4可以表现出非经典的旋转惯性,证实了超固体的行为.
  • 超固态阶段存在于接近融线的各种压力和温度范围内.

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09:08

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Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
08:41

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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  • 超流体行为不仅仅局限于液体,延伸到-4的固体相,暗示其存在于物质的所有三个状态.