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相关概念视频

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
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包-MULE可移植的元素调解了植物中的基因进化.

Ning Jiang1, Zhirong Bao, Xiaoyu Zhang

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.

Nature
|October 1, 2004
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

米中的突变型可移植元素 (MULE),称为Pack-MULE,捕获基因片段. 超过3000个Pack-MULE含有1000多个基因片段,可能推动植物基因进化.

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 植物科学 植物科学

背景情况:

  • 突变类可转移元素 (MULE) 在真核生物基因组中丰富,特别是在更高的植物中.
  • 之前在玉米,大米和阿拉比多普西斯的研究中发现了携带细胞基因片段的MULEs,称为Pack-MULEs.

研究的目的:

  • 系统地分析大米基因组中Pack-MULEs的流行率和特征.
  • 调查Pack-MULEs中捕获的基因片段的起源,组成和潜在功能.

主要方法:

  • 对大米基因组序列进行全基因组分析,以确定Pack-MULEs.
  • 生物信息分析以确定捕获的基因片段的起源和融合事件.
  • 将Pack-MULE序列与细胞基因进行比较.
  • 对互补DNA (cDNA) 库和蛋白质组数据进行分析,以评估表达和功能.

主要成果:

  • 米基因组包含3000多个Pack-MULE,包括1000多个细胞基因的片段.
  • 包装MULEs经常表现出来自多个染色体位点的碎片的融合,形成新的开放阅读框架.
  • 来自Pack-MULEs的化学转录得到表达,其中约5%在cDNA集合中表现出来.
  • 功能分析表明,Pack-MULEs中的一些捕获的基因片段可能保留生物活性.

结论:

  • 包装MULEs是大米中重要的基因组组成部分,积极捕获,重新排列和放大细胞基因片段.
  • 这种由Pack-MULEs获得基因片段的过程代表了一种新的机制,有助于高等植物的基因进化.
  • 广泛存在的MULEs表明,这种机制可能对植物基因组跨物种多样化至关重要.