监测美国学前免疫目标的进展情况
1Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|April 8, 1992
概括
在美国,儿童免疫非常成功,但延迟分娩会导致疫情爆发. 加强公共卫生基础设施和私营部门的参与是改善疫苗接种和预防疾病的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
背景情况:
- 美国已经实现了高的儿童免疫率 (>97%) 减少了90%以上的疫苗可预防疾病.
- 延迟儿童免疫接种,特别是在城市地区,导致麻疹等疫情爆发.
- 在高密度人口中发现了免疫接种系统的缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定免疫接种系统中可纠正的缺陷.
- 提出加强公共卫生基础设施和私营部门参与的战略.
- 改善及时传播关于免疫覆盖率和计划绩效的信息.
主要方法:
- 城市地区免疫接种系统的分析.
- 在当前的疫苗接种实践中发现缺陷.
- 评估公共卫生基础设施和私营部门的作用.
主要成果:
- 儿童免疫接种的重大延迟是普遍存在的.
- 麻疹流行病与城市环境中的延迟疫苗接种计划有关.
- 在免疫接种系统中发现了可纠正的缺陷.
结论:
- 加强公共卫生基础设施对于有效的免疫接种至关重要.
- 私营部门的积极参与对于提高疫苗接种率和绩效评估至关重要.
- 需要及时,地方一级的免疫覆盖率数据和计划指标,以刺激适当的行动.
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