一个基因表达图为Drosophila melanogaster的 euchromatic基因组
Viktor Stolc1, Zareen Gauhar, Christopher Mason
1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 23, 2004
概括
这项研究绘制了Drosophila melanogaster整个基因组的基因表达图,揭示了广泛的转录活动,包括非编码区域. 这些发现突出了广泛的RNA表达和差异拼接,提供了一个全面的基因组表达图.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 了解全谱基因组表达对于破译复杂的生物过程至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经提供了对基因表达的洞察力,但缺乏对非编码和内部区域的全面了解.
研究的目的:
- 为了创建Drosophila melanogaster基因组的全面表达地图.
- 在整个生物体生命周期中调查蛋白质编码,非编码,内基因和基因间序列的转录活动.
主要方法:
- 利用无面膜光刻法创建高密度DNA寡核酸微阵列.
- 在Drosophila melanogaster基因组中嵌了独特的探针序列,并预测了拼接接口.
- 确定主要生命周期阶段的RNA表达特征,包括成年男性和女性.
主要成果:
- 在93%的注释基因中检测到转录活性,在41%的内基和跨基因探针中检测到RNA表达.
- 观察到不同基因类别的可区分的表达水平,其中重要的基因表达更高.
- 在大约40%的预测基因中确定了差异拼接,发现了5440种新的拼接形式.
- 在Drosophila melanogaster和Drosophila pseudoobscura之间保存的合成区域中发现了高度相关的表达.
- 证明表达的基因间和内基因序列在进化上更容易得到保护,并且往往在发育上受到调节.
结论:
- 这项研究为整个非重复的Drosophila melanogaster基因组提供了表达图草案.
- 揭示了比先前预测的更广泛和多样化的表达序列,包括非编码区域的显著活动.
- 这些发现强调了真核生物基因组表达和调节的复杂性.
相关概念视频
01:42What is Gene Expression?
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
01:36What is Gene Expression?
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...