在过去十年中,从复杂的紧急情况中吸取教训
Peter Salama1, Paul Spiegel, Leisel Talley
1UNICEF, Kabul, Afghanistan. psalama@unicef.org
Lancet (London, England)
|November 16, 2004
概括
国际援助改善了应对紧急情况下的健康危机的反应,减少了儿童营养不良死亡. 需要进一步关注难民营外的主要死亡原因,以实现全球卫生目标.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
背景情况:
- 在复杂的紧急情况中,国际对健康和营养的反应已经取得了进展.
- 公共卫生和临床应对在营地易患流行病的疾病的反应有所改善.
- 严重营养不良儿童的病例死亡率已经显著下降,这是由于增强的协议和产品.
研究的目的:
- 突出需要重新关注在传统营地环境之外受冲突影响的社会中主要死亡原因.
- 强调艾滋病毒/艾滋病在紧急情况下,特别是撒哈拉以南非洲,是致病率和死亡率的重要原因.
- 强调加强非政府组织和联合国机构的协调,问责和战略定位的重要性,以实现更好的孕产妇和儿童健康结果.
主要方法:
- 本研究是对人道主义卫生响应当前做法和结果的审查和分析.
- 它综合了疾病流行率,死亡率和复杂紧急情况下干预有效性的数据.
- 该分析考虑了诸如地理范围,政治边界以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病等特定的健康挑战等因素.
主要成果:
- 在营地内管理具有流行病潜力的疾病方面,已经观察到显著的改善.
- 严重营养不良儿童的死亡率已经大大降低.
- 难民营外的主要死亡原因,包括传染病和营养不良,仍然存在,需要有针对性的干预措施.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但冲突地区的主要死亡原因,特别是在营地外和跨境地区,需要更多的关注.
- 解决传染病 (呼吸道感染,腹,疟疾,麻疹),新生儿病因,营养不良和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等问题至关重要.
- 人道主义组织之间加强协调,问责和战略伙伴关系对于减少母婴死亡率和实现联合国千年发展目标至关重要.
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