相关实验视频
Updated: Aug 2, 2026

10:24
Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
Published on: September 27, 2015
与Gs结合的受体GPR3在哺乳动物卵细胞中保持介质性停止
Lisa M Mehlmann1, Yoshinaga Saeki, Shigeru Tanaka
1Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu
概括
与G蛋白结合的受体3 (GPR3) 维持了哺乳动物卵细胞的停止. 失去GPR3会导致卵细胞恢复半体分裂,这揭示了它在卵巢卵泡沟通和生殖细胞周期调节中的关键作用.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 细胞信号传递 细胞信号传递
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物卵子细胞在I预相中被捕,直到排卵.
- 维持卵细胞中介性停滞的信号源自卵巢毛囊内的周围体细胞.
- 这种停止的精确分子机制和信号通路在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定负责维持哺乳动物卵细胞中介质停止的分子信号.
- 阐明体细胞-卵巢毛囊通信在调节卵细胞成熟中的作用.
- 研究G蛋白结合受体3 (GPR3) 在卵细胞介质调节中的功能.
主要方法:
- 产生和分析Gpr3淘汰赛小鼠.
- 在毛囊中对卵细胞介质进展的评估.
- 涉及Gpr3RNA注入卵细胞的救援实验.
- 分析与介质恢复相关的素激素 (LH) 水平.
主要成果:
- 来自Gpr3淘汰赛小鼠的卵细胞自发地在完好无损的腹膜毛囊中恢复了变.
- 在Gpr3淘汰赛卵细胞中,梅奥斯恢复发生的独立于黄素化激素的激增.
- 通过RNA注射重新引入Gpr3进入被淘汰的卵细胞,恢复了I阶段的发育.
- GPR3定位在卵细胞内,这表明GPR3在卵细胞中扮演着一种自克林或克林信号传递的角色.
结论:
- 孤儿G蛋白结合受体3 (GPR3) 对于维持哺乳动物卵细胞中介性停止至关重要.
- GPR3充当体细胞与卵巢毛囊内的卵细胞之间的通信的关键调解者.
- GPR3信号传递对于精确调节雌性性子细胞中半变异的启动和进展至关重要.
- 准GPR3可能为控制排卵和生育提供新的策略.
相关概念视频
Negative Regulator Molecules
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Meiosis II
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Meiosis II
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
GPCR Desensitization
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Two...

