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相关概念视频

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

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相关实验视频

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Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control
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Published on: February 11, 2018

结构,体积和热力学特征的micellar球到杆的过渡.

Heiko Heerklotz1, Alekos Tsamaloukas, Katarzyna Kita-Tokarczyk

  • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. heiko.heerklotz@unibas.ch

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 17, 2004
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

非离子表面活性剂经历由减少的疏水性表面积和头组脱水驱动的球体到杆的过渡. 链条排序可能会影响这种过渡,这取决于表面活性剂的链条长度.

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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control
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Published on: February 11, 2018

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科学领域:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 体科学 体科学 体科学

背景情况:

  • 无离子表面活性剂表现出热热的相位过渡,随着温度的增加,从球状细胞转变为棒状结构.
  • 了解这些转变对于药物输送,洗剂和增强石油回收的应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 使用多技术方法全面描述非离子表面活性剂从球体到杆的过渡.
  • 阐明伴随过渡的热力学,体积和结构变化.
  • 研究表面活性剂结构和溶剂 (H2O与D2O) 对过渡的影响.

主要方法:

  • 压力扰动热量计 (PPC) 用于精确的热力学测量.
  • 小角度中子散射 (SANS) 用于结构分析 (旋转半径).
  • 动态光散射 (DLS) 用于水力动力半径的确定.
  • 差分扫描热量计 (DSC) 和异热定位热量计 (ITC) 用于热和结合研究.

主要成果:

  • 过渡温度,宽度,部分体积,热膨胀,度和热容量的详细表征.
  • 观察到体积参数的小但显著的变化 (例如, ~+2‰的部分体积变化).
  • 像旋转半径和水力动力半径这样的结构参数在整个过渡过程中被量化.

结论:

  • 从球体到杆的转变是由减少水可访问的疏水表面积和表面活性剂头组的热脱水的相互作用决定的.
  • 表面活性剂基链的逐渐排序被假定会影响过渡,链长度起着关键作用.
  • 该研究提供了对水溶液中非离子表面活性剂相位行为的详细的热力学和结构理解.