对于Fe-O-S液体不混合性的核心组成的地震学约束
George Helffrich1, Satoshi Kaneshima
1Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. george@geology.bristol.ac.uk
概括
地球的核心可能没有层. 地震波分析表明一个均的外核,限制了存在的氧气和硫的数量.
科学领域:
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
- 行星科学 行星科学
- 地震学 地震学
背景情况:
- 地球的核心主要由铁和较轻的元素组成.
- 外核中的较轻元素随着内核的结晶而增加.
- 热力学建模表明,不混合的液体可以在外核中形成层.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究地球外核层叠加的可能性.
- 根据地震数据来限制外部核心的组成.
- 为了测试核心液体不混合性的模型.
主要方法:
- 对P4KP地震波旅行时间和波形的分析.
- 对地震观测与Fe-O-S液体的热力学模型进行比较.
- 基于缺乏对分层的地震证据的外部核心组成的限制.
主要成果:
- 从地震波分析中,在外核中没有发现分层的证据.
- 由于没有层,外部核心的氧含量限制在6%以下.
- 外部核心的硫含量被限制在2至15%之间.
结论:
- 地球的外核很可能是一个单一的,均的液体.
- 该组合与大约10.5%的硫和1.5%的氧相容.
- 这种构成将地震数据与热力学预测协调起来.
更多相关视频
08:02Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
Published on: February 25, 2015
11:50Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
Published on: June 13, 2015
相关概念视频
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Equation of State
The equation of state is an equation that relates physical quantities, such as pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles, of a thermodynamics system with each other. The equation relating physical quantities with each other can be a simple mathematical expression or too complicated to express in mathematical form. In either case, a relationship between physical quantities exists. If the equation of state cannot be expressed in a mathematical form, then experimental data and...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems
A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
Liquid–Solid Solutions
The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Composition of Body Fluids
Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
