基因组图和对人类和小鼠中的基因组修饰的比较分析
Bradley E Bernstein1, Michael Kamal, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bbernst@fas.harvard.edu
Cell
|February 1, 2005
概括
像H3K4甲基化这样的质子修饰标志着人类染色体上的活跃基因. 这些模式在小鼠中得到保存,这表明了基因表达的古老调节机制.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 基因组蛋白修饰是调节基因表达的关键表观遗传标记.
- 激素H3 (H3K4me) 的氨酸4甲基化与活性转录有关.
- 了解这些标记的分布和保存,可以深入了解基因调节.
研究的目的:
- 在人类染色体21和22中映射基因组H3氨酸4二和三甲基化 (H3K4me2/3) 和氨酸9/14乙化 (H3K9/14ac).
- 为了比较H3K4me2模式在人类和小鼠的正确位置.
- 研究基因基因修饰模式与基因活性之间的关系,特别是在特定的基因集群中,如Hox.
主要方法:
- 染色体免疫沉,然后进行测序 (ChIP-seq) 来映射基因素修饰.
- 在人类和小鼠基因组之间对基因组修饰模式的比较分析.
- 基因组修饰部位和基因转录开始部位/活性基因之间的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 人类21号和22号染色体表现出H3K4me2/3和H3K9/14ac的独特模式,其中点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点点
- H3K4三甲基化 (H3K4me3) 部位与转录开始部位相关,而H3K4二甲基化 (H3K4me2) 部位位于活跃基因附近.
- 霍克斯基因集群显示了广泛的H3K4me2区域,表明对于霍克斯基因表达至关重要的活性染色体域.
- 在人类和小鼠之间,尽管DNA序列的保存有限,但在正经位点的基子甲基化模式在人类和小鼠之间高度保留.
结论:
- 包括H3K4me2 / 3在内的特定的组素修饰模式,与人类染色体上的活性基因相比,位置精确.
- 霍克斯集群中的广泛的H3K4me2域表明专门的染色质结构来维持发育性基因表达.
- 人类和小鼠之间的甲基化模式的强烈保存表明,在指导这些表观遗传标记时,可能涉及保存的调节元件,即潜在的非编码DNA.
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