蝙蝠的分子类学揭示了生物地理和化石记录
Emma C Teeling1, Mark S Springer, Ole Madsen
1Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. emma.teeling@ucd.ie
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 1, 2005
概括
分子构造揭示了蝙蝠,包括超过20%的哺乳动物,起源于劳拉西亚. 这项研究澄清了蝙蝠的进化历史,表明化石记录中的代表性显著不足.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠占哺乳动物物种的20%以上,但由于化石记录稀少和遗传学不确定性,它们的进化历史仍然不太清楚.
- 现有的蝙蝠族系通常是相互矛盾的或不完整的,阻碍了对它们的多样化和起源的清晰理解.
研究的目的:
- 为所有现存的蝙蝠家族构建一个高度分辨的分子系谱.
- 研究蝙蝠的进化起源和多样化模式,包括它们的地理起源和分歧时间.
- 根据分子分歧估计,评估蝙蝠化石记录的完整性.
主要方法:
- 用所有现存蝙蝠家族的分子数据进行了家族遗传学分析.
- 幽灵血统分析以推断未被观察到的进化历史.
- 分子分歧约会以估计物种化时间.
主要成果:
- 这项研究支持这样的假设,即兆巴特嵌在微型巴特的血统中.
- 蝙蝠的多样化起源于早期的新生代 (50-52万年前),与环境变化和昆虫多样性峰值相吻合.
- 有证据表明,蝙蝠起源于劳拉西亚,其中三个微型蝙蝠系是劳拉西亚的,一个是冈多瓦的.
- 据估计,蝙蝠化石记录平均低估了73%的第一次出现,总化石历史的61%缺失.
结论:
- 这种分子系谱为了解蝙蝠进化提供了一个强大的框架.
- 蝙蝠可能起源于劳拉西亚,具有复杂的生物地理历史,涉及劳拉西亚和冈多瓦的元素.
- 化石记录显著低估了蝙蝠的真实进化历史,强调了分子数据对进化推断的重要性.
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