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非对称的猎物利能力驱使星鼻到寻找食物的速度限制
Kenneth C Catania1, Fiona E Remple
1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA. ken.catania@Vanderbilt.edu
Nature
|February 4, 2005
概括
星鼻在捕捉和消费猎物的过程中表现出极快的速度,支持最佳食理论. 它们的快速处理时间允许包括小猎物,展示了速度的选择.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 最佳食理论预测,捕食者通过选择有利可图的猎物来最大限度地增加能量摄入量.
- 猎物的利能力取决于获得的能量和处理时间;较短的处理时间增加了利能力.
- 捕食者的速度是利能力的一个关键因素,尤其是在高猎物遭遇率的情况下.
研究的目的:
- 调查捕食者速度在猎物选择和饮食扩张中的作用.
- 为了检查星鼻的解剖学和行为专业化与食的关系.
- 用星鼻作为模型测试最佳食理论的预测.
主要方法:
- 观测和测量星鼻的猎物处理时间.
- 分析了猎物识别和消费行为.
- 与捕食者的速度和猎物的特征相关的食效率.
主要成果:
- 星鼻表现出异常短的猎物处理时间 (平均227毫秒,低至120毫秒).
- 有证据表明,子在处理触觉信息的速度限制下工作,以"双击"表示.
- 在子的专业化支持选择速度的假设,使得小猎物的消费.
结论:
- 星鼻的极端速度和专门的食行为为最佳食理论提供了强有力的支持.
- 增加速度的选择允许将更小,更不有利可图的猎物纳入饮食中.
- 星鼻代表了一个引人注目的案例研究进化适应驱动食效率的演变.
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