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相关概念视频

States of Water01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Chemistry of the Cell02:58

Chemistry of the Cell

The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity and heat of...
Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions
09:20

Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions

Published on: May 24, 2018

十个水分子在一个自组装的子的疏水口袋内形成一个"分子冰"的内分体集群.

Michito Yoshizawa1, Takahiro Kusukawa, Masaki Kawano

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 3, 2005
PubMed
概括

研究人员在一个协调子里创造了最小的Ic型冰单元,一个10个分子的水集群. 这种"分子冰"是通过特定的水与水的相互作用而形成的,而不仅仅是填充空间.

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A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
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A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

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Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions
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Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions

Published on: May 24, 2018

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科学领域:

  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 自组装的协调提供了封闭的环境来容纳客分子.
  • 了解小水群的形成对于冰核研究至关重要.
  • 疏水性相互作用在宿主-客户系统中的分子识别中发挥着关键作用.

研究的目的:

  • 合成和描述自然存在的Ic型冰的最小可能的单位.
  • 调查水集群在狭窄环境中的形成背后的驱动力.
  • 探索分子识别在稳定水群中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 进行X射线结构分析,以确定水群的精确布局.
  • 中子衍射研究以证实星团内的键网络.
  • 一个自组装的协调子与一个疏水性腔的合成.

主要成果:

  • 在协调内形成一个叫做"分子冰"的阿达曼塔诺伊德 (H2O) 10集群.
  • 集群代表了Ic型冰的最小单位.
  • 结构分析显示通过H2O:...pi相互作用稳定,而不仅仅是填充空间.

结论:

  • 这项研究成功地合成和描述了最小的Ic型冰单元.
  • 有效的分子识别,特别是H2O:...pi相互作用,对于稳定水集群至关重要.
  • 协调提供了一个强大的平台来研究基本的冰核形成过程.