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相关概念视频

Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide
11:02

A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide

Published on: October 18, 2014

通过细胞间转移通过间隙结进行交叉呈现.

Joost Neijssen1, Carla Herberts, Jan Wouter Drijfhout

  • 1Division of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J.Neefjes@nki.nl

Nature
|March 4, 2005
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

细胞通过间隙连接在相邻细胞之间转移,使交叉呈现成为可能. 这种细胞间转移激活了细胞毒性T细胞,影响旁观细胞和单细胞.

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Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles
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Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 主体组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 类I分子存在内源性,对T细胞反应至关重要.
  • 交叉呈现允许专业的抗原呈现细胞呈现外源抗原,但抗原获取的机制尚未完全理解.
  • 众所周知,细胞间通信通道,如间隙结,有助于分子直接从细胞转移到细胞.

研究的目的:

  • 通过间隙连接,通过相邻细胞之间的的直接细胞间转移进行调查.
  • 确定这种细胞间转移是否有助于用于交叉呈现和T细胞激活的抗原获取.

主要方法:

  • 通过间隙连接通过相邻细胞之间的扩散的实验测试.
  • 对细胞间传输的体大小限制的分析.
  • 在细胞间酸转移后对旁观细胞和单细胞的细胞毒性T细胞识别的评估.
  • 研究细胞溶液酶活性在限制转移中的作用.

主要成果:

  • 高达大约1800个相对分子质量的可以通过间隙连接在细胞间扩散.
  • 细胞间转移导致细胞毒性T细胞识别相邻的旁观细胞和激活的单细胞.
  • 高细胞溶性酶活性限制了间隙结介导的转移到有限数量的结合细胞.

结论:

  • 间隙结介导的细胞间转移为交叉呈现中的抗原获取提供了一种新的机制.
  • 这个过程将邻近细胞的抗原呈现系统结合起来,可能会启动T细胞对无辜旁观者细胞的反应.
  • 描述的机制与T细胞原始化有关,并且在许多瘤中似乎受损.