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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
Published on: July 1, 2015
在儿童中感觉神经听力损失.
Richard J H Smith1, James F Bale, Karl R White
1Molecular Otolaryngology Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Richard-smith@uiowa.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|March 9, 2005
概括
在发达国家,由于更好的护理和疫苗,获得的童年听力损失已经减少. 然而,遗传性听力损失,特别是来自GJB2基因的遗传性听力损失,正在上升,需要在全球范围内进行遗传咨询和健康教育.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
背景情况:
- 在发达国家,儿童获得的感觉神经听力损失 (SNHL) 发生率在30-40年内已经下降.
- 新生儿护理的改善和广泛的免疫计划是这种下降的关键因素.
- 这种下降与SNHL遗传形式的相对增加并行,GJB2基因发挥着重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 分析儿童听力损失的不断变化的情况,重点关注获得的与遗传的原因.
- 突出遗传因素,特别是GJB2基因对SNHL评估和护理的影响.
- 将发达国家与不发达国家的趋势进行比较,并提出干预措施.
主要方法:
- 几十年来儿童感官神经听力损失的流行病学趋势的审查.
- 对包括GJB2基因在内的遗传因素对SNHL总体负担的贡献进行分析.
- 在发达国家和不太发达国家对SNHL患病率的比较评估,考虑到血缘关系和贫困等因素.
主要成果:
- 发达国家在获得的SNHL下降,但在遗传的SNHL相对增加.
- 在遗传评估中,GJB2基因对SNHL的贡献是显著的.
- 较不发达的国家,特别是高血缘关系和贫困的国家,具有较高的获得和遗传SNHL的比例,没有观察到下降.
结论:
- 针对性的遗传咨询和健康教育对于减少不发达国家遗传性SNHL至关重要.
- 对可预防的传染病实施疫苗接种计划可以降低获得的SNHL率.
- 通过疫苗接种预防感染提供了一种次要的好处,即减少幸存者的SNHL等永久性残疾.
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