一个细胞的microRNA调解人类细胞中的抗病毒防御
Charles-Henri Lecellier1, Patrice Dunoyer, Khalil Arar
1CNRS Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. charles.lecellier@infobiogen.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 23, 2005
概括
细胞微RNAs限制了复原病毒在人体细胞中的积累. 一种病毒蛋白,Tas,抑制了microRNA功能,揭示了对外来核酸的新型抗病毒防御机制.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- RNA沉默是真核生物中一个关键的基因调节过程,由微型RNA等小RNA介导.
- 来自病毒基因组的小干扰RNAs作为植物和昆虫的防御机制.
- 细胞微RNA在哺乳动物对逆转录病毒的抗病毒防御中的作用尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 在人类细胞中研究细胞微RNA对灵长类泡病毒1型 (PFV-1) 的抗病毒作用.
- 为了确定PFV-1是否编码干扰微RNA导向基因沉默的蛋白质.
- 探索微RNA作为直接抗病毒防御机制的潜力.
主要方法:
- 评估了特定细胞微RNA对人类细胞系PFV-1复制的影响.
- 研究了PFV-1编码的Tas蛋白在抑制microRNA活性中的功能.
- 检查了Tas蛋白的跨王国抗沉声能力.
主要成果:
- 发现细胞微RNA有效地限制了PFV-1在人体细胞中的积累.
- PFV-1 Tas蛋白被确定为哺乳动物细胞中微RNA导向功能的抑制剂.
- 塔斯蛋白在不同王国中表现出抗沉默活动,这表明它对RNA沉默有广泛的干扰.
结论:
- 细胞微RNA对PFV-1等逆转录病毒具有直接的抗病毒作用.
- 病毒蛋白,如PFV-1的Tas,可以进化以抵消宿主微RNA介导的防御.
- 这项研究强调了宿主RNA沉默途径和病毒反防御机制之间的自然相互作用.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...