通过热电晶体驱动的核聚变的观测
B Naranjo1, J K Gimzewski, S Putterman
1Physics Department, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. naranjo@physics.ucla.edu
Nature
|April 29, 2005
概括
研究人员在室温下实现了核聚变,使用火电晶体和化大气. 这种新的方法产生了子束,通过-反应产生中子,为紧的中子源铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 核物理和材料科学 核物理和材料科学
- 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
- 核聚变能源的研究.
背景情况:
- 传统的核聚变研究侧重于磁性和惯性限制.
- 之前试图在室温固态聚变 (例如"冷"聚变) 时面临显著的怀疑.
- 像库伦爆炸和激光-等离子体相互作用这样的替代融合方法提供了洞察力,但很复杂.
研究的目的:
- 调查在桌面条件下实现核聚变的可行性.
- 探索火电晶体在产生聚变反应中的潜力.
- 开发一种新的,可访问的中子生成方法.
主要方法:
- 轻轻地加热一个火电晶体在一个消毒的大气中.
- 利用晶体的静电场产生和加速一个deuteron束 (>100keV,>4nA).
- 用deuteron束轰炸一个衰减的目标,并分析由此产生的中子流和反应产物.
- 采用脉冲形状分析,质子反弹光谱和飞行时间技术进行确认.
主要成果:
- 检测到一个超过背景水平400倍的中子流.
- 确认了与- (D + D) 聚变反应 (产生3He和2.45 MeV中子) 相一致的中子.
- 阿尔法粒子和中子之间的延迟巧合为核聚变反应提供了进一步的证据.
结论:
- 核聚变可以在桌面条件下使用热电晶体在化环境中产生.
- 证明的核聚变反应虽然不产生电力,但对科学理解有意义.
- 该系统作为一个紧的,便携式中子发生器,有望用于各种应用.
更多相关视频
06:26Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
Published on: May 15, 2017
6.4K
08:55Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
Published on: June 7, 2018
8.2K
相关概念视频
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells
44.8K
Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
44.8K
Nuclear Fission
9.5K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
9.5K
Nuclear Power
7.5K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
7.5K
Nuclear Fusion
33.1K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.1K
Nuclear Transmutation
12.9K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
12.9K
Joule-Thomson Effect
11.6K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
11.6K
