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旧世界叶的生态差异的演变
1Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Nature
|February 27, 1992
概括
密切相关的鸟种类适应不同的生态,表明行为和形态差异是由适应驱动的,而不仅仅是共同的祖先. 这项研究澄清了同情物种的进化模式.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 同一个生态协会中的相似物种经常表现出行为和形态差异,通常归因于资源分区.
- 区分自适应分歧与共同祖先 (族系遗产) 是具有挑战性的,因为从共同祖先中继承的潜在相似性.
研究的目的:
- 调查适应性进化与遗传遗传在塑造八种对应性鸟物种 (Phylloscopus属) 的生态和形态变异中的作用.
- 为了测试生态利基差异 (息地选择,猎物大小,养方法) 是否与进化史考虑后的形态变异有关.
主要方法:
- 用线粒体DNA序列对八种相应的Phylloscopus warbler物种进行了基因组学分析.
- 统计方法来解开适应性分歧对生态和形态特征的效应与植物遗传约束的关系.
主要成果:
- 在消除家族遗传效应后,对息地选择,猎物大小选择和养方法中物种间变化的适应性解释得到了强烈支持.
- 跨这些利基轴的生态变化与可预测的形态变化相关.
- 遗传学遗产是显而易见的,更密切相关的物种表现出更大的行为和形态相似性,主要是由于息地选择的分歧.
结论:
- 鱼物种的多样化是由适应性生态分歧和历史的遗传学约束形成的.
- 虽然息地选择显示了持续的分歧,但猎物大小选择和养方法在群体多样化的早期迅速演变,随后的形态变化有限.
- 快速的早期进化和后来的利基专业化之间的相互作用解释了在密切相关的鸟物种中观察到的相似性和差异的模式.
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