自由和规则:获取和重新编程鸟儿学习的歌曲
Timothy J Gardner1, Felix Naef, Fernando Nottebohm
1Laboratory of Animal Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. tgardner@mit.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 14, 2005
概括
年轻的金丝雀可以模仿歌曲没有典型的措辞,后来发展先天的歌曲结构. 这表明鸟类中明显的早期模仿和以后基于规则的歌曲开发过程.
科学领域:
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
背景情况:
- 加拿大歌曲表现出一个层次结构,从音节到短语到完整的歌曲.
- 在金雀中,这种结构化的歌曲发育被假设是由天生的规则支配的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究天生的歌曲约束和青少年金丝雀中的声乐模仿之间的相互作用.
- 为了确定早期的歌曲模仿能力是否独立于管理成熟歌曲结构的天生的规则.
主要方法:
- 将年轻的,孤立的金丝雀暴露在异常的合成歌曲中,缺乏典型的措辞.
- 观察和分析幼雀模仿的准确性.
- 随着鸟类的成熟,跟踪歌曲的发展和结构变化.
主要成果:
- 年轻的金丝雀精确地模仿合成导师歌曲,即使是那些缺乏正常措辞的歌曲.
- 随着鸟类的成熟,最初模仿的歌曲被修改为包含典型的金丝雀语句.
- 这表明早期模仿和以后基于规则的歌曲改进之间的时间隔离.
结论:
- 声乐模仿和天生的歌曲约束是金丝雀歌曲发展中的不同的过程.
- 在早期的声音学习中,金丝雀表现出灵活性,先天的规则在发育后期变得占主导地位.
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