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相关概念视频

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
Protein Absorption01:12

Protein Absorption

Proteins in the gastrointestinal tract typically come from food, but they can also originate from disintegrated cells or secreted enzymes. In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin breaks down these proteins into polypeptides. The fragments then move into the duodenum as a semi-fluid mass called chyme. Pancreatic proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, and intestinal brush border enzymes like carboxypeptidases further dismantle the polypeptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and free amino acids.
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine
07:00

Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine

Published on: August 20, 2015

细菌外膜脂蛋白从细胞转移到细胞.

Eric Nudleman1, Daniel Wall, Dale Kaiser

  • 1Departments of Developmental Biology and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, B300 Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 5, 2005
PubMed
概括

Myxococcus xanthus的滑翔机动性依赖于IV型 pili组合,需要Tgl蛋白. 研究人员观察到Tgl和CglB蛋白在细胞之间转移,这表明在滑翔刺激过程中外膜融合.

科学领域:

  • 微生物学 微生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 细菌的运动性 细菌的运动性

背景情况:

  • Myxococcus xanthus利用类型IV pili进行向前滑翔的运动.
  • Tgl脂蛋白对于这些IV型细胞的组装至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究Tgl突变体中滑翔机动性救援的机制.
  • 为了确定滑动机械部件在Myxococcus xanthus细胞之间的可转移性.

主要方法:

  • 产生了Myxococcus xanthus的Tgl和CglB突变菌.
  • 共同培养突变受体细胞与野生类型的供体细胞来观察刺激.
  • 分离供体和受体细胞以分析蛋白质的转移,通过技术,如西方涂抹或质谱 (隐含).

主要成果:

  • 在与野生类型细胞接触时,Tgl突变体被拯救 (刺激),Tgl蛋白从供体转移到受体.
  • 缺乏CglB的突变体,第二个滑翔系统的组成部分,也显示了刺激和CglB转移.
  • Tgl和CglB转移的高效率表明细胞之间的外膜融合是暂时的.

结论:

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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Isolation of Lipoprotein Particles from Chicken Egg Yolk for the Study of Bacterial Pathogen Fatty Acid Incorporation into Membrane Phospholipids
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Isolation of Lipoprotein Particles from Chicken Egg Yolk for the Study of Bacterial Pathogen Fatty Acid Incorporation into Membrane Phospholipids

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  • 像Tgl和CglB这样的滑动蛋白可以在Myxococcus xanthus细胞之间转移.
  • 这种转移机制,可能涉及外膜融合,可以拯救突变细胞的滑动性.
  • 这些发现为细菌细胞相互作用和Myxococcus xanthus中的蛋白质交换提供了洞察力.