一种简单的和一般的性 Lewis 酸用于不对称的合成:高度 enantioselective [3+2] 乙烯基-乙烯以太循环添加
Seiji Shirakawa1, Pamela J Lombardi, James L Leighton
1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 14, 2005
概括
一种新型的奇拉西兰易斯酸使得高度选择性的 [3 + 2] 循环添加反应. 这种实用的方法可以实现出色的产量和反选择性,即使是在大规模.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 不对称的合成方法
背景情况:
- 循环添加反应是有机合成的基础.
- 开发enantioselective方法对于制造奇拉分子至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述一种新的,高度二元选择性和反选择性 [3 + 2] 循环添加反应.
- 为了利用一个简单的奇拉西兰易斯酸作为催化剂.
主要方法:
- 采用一种奇拉的西兰易斯酸来调解乙和乙醇之间 [3 + 2] 循环添加.
- 进行大规模反应 (5克) 以评估可行性.
主要成果:
- 在循环添加反应中实现了高的二选择性和反选择性.
- 在大规模再结晶后,获得了93%的产量和99%的反聚合物过剩 (ee) 的产品.
- 提供了支持逐步反应机制和不对称诱导模型的证据.
结论:
- 描述的 [3 + 2] 循环加法是合成复杂分子的高度实用和选择性方法.
- 的西兰易斯酸有效控制立体化学,为不对称合成提供了宝贵的工具.
相关概念视频
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
By replacing an α-hydrogen with a halogen, acid-catalyzed α-halogenation of aldehydes or ketones yields a monohalogenated product
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are molecules bearing a carbonyl and alkene functionality in conjugation with each other. The conjugation in the molecule leads to three resonance structures. The hybrid form exhibits two probable electrophilic sites: the carbonyl carbon and the β carbon.
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.


