基本的鸟类肺部设计和非鸟类类恐龙的透气通风
Patrick M O'Connor1, Leon P A M Claessens
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 228 Irvine Hall, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. oconnorp@ohiou.edu
Nature
|July 15, 2005
概括
这项研究揭示了非飞行类的热足类恐龙,包括Majungatholus,拥有类似于鸟类的气囊系统. 这表明,鸟类的呼吸系统是有机的.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 鸟类表现出与其空气囊系统相关的独特骨气动性,这对有效呼吸至关重要.
- 在已灭绝的类动物中观察到骨气动性,但其与鸟类呼吸系统进化的联系尚不清楚.
- 鸟类的呼吸系统具有高度合规的气囊和一个准支气管肺,用于持续的空气流.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究鸟类呼吸系统的进化起源,在非鸟类类热足动物.
- 为了确定底足动物的骨气动性是否与鸟类风格的呼吸机制相关.
- 为了识别基底类动物中空气囊系统的存在.
主要方法:
- 在现存的鸟类和化石类动物中对特定区域的骨气动性进行比较分析.
- 对Majungatholus atopus的新样本进行检查,以记录与呼吸相关的骨特征.
- 基于化石证据的潜在气囊系统解剖学的重建.
主要成果:
- 证据显示,在非鸟类类类热足动物中发现了宫和腹部气囊系统.
- 发现了胸部骨结构,表明了鸟类风格吸气的先决条件.
- 这些特征存在于Majungatholus atopus中,这是一种与鸟类有着遥远的关系的热足动物.
结论:
- 基底性新体足可能具有基本的鸟类肺部设计 (Bauplan).
- 穿过肺的通风可能是热足恐龙的一般特征,不仅仅是鸟类.
- 鸟类的呼吸系统是从一个更广泛的热足动物呼吸系统进化出来的.
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