杀人罪犯的犯罪记录是犯罪记录
Philip J Cook1, Jens Ludwig, Anthony A Braga
1Department of Public Policy Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0245, USA. pcook@duke.edu
JAMA
|August 4, 2005
概括
许多杀人事件涉及有犯罪记录的个人,但针对这一群体的干预措施让大量致命暴力事件未得到解决. 了解这种患病率是有效杀人预防策略的关键.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
背景情况:
- 杀人预防策略通常针对高风险群体或普通人群.
- 具有犯罪记录的成年人代表了谋杀犯罪的高风险群体.
- 在杀人罪犯和普通人群中,犯罪记录的普遍性并没有得到很好的量化.
研究的目的:
- 量化可能通过针对犯罪记录的个人进行干预来解决的杀人案的比例.
- 为了确定与谋杀罪相关的犯罪记录相关的人口归因风险 (PAR).
主要方法:
- 使用伊利诺伊州1990-2001年的逮捕和重罪定罪数据进行了病例控制分析.
- 案例是2001年因谋杀罪被捕的个人;对照组是其他18-64岁的伊利诺伊州居民.
- 研究了五种先前犯罪记录的定义,收集了1990-2000年和1996-2000年的数据.
主要成果:
- 在1990-2000年期间,42.6%的杀人罪犯犯有重罪定罪,而对照人群的3.9%,为40.3%的PAR.
- 在同一时期,71.6%的违法者被捕,而对照人数为18.2%,其PAR为65.3%.
- 在1996-2000年期间,重罪定罪和任何逮捕的PAR分别为31.0%和58.5%.
结论:
- 针对有逮捕或定罪记录的个人进行的干预措施针对的是高风险群体,但并未解决大量致命暴力事件.
- 相当一部分杀人案是由以前有犯罪记录的个人所犯的,这表明当前干预策略的局限性.
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