相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
07:08
Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
Published on: September 29, 2021
伤寒和偏伤寒发烧 伤寒和偏伤寒发烧
M K Bhan1, Rajiv Bahl, Shinjini Bhatnagar
1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. mkbhan@dbt.nic.in
Lancet (London, England)
|August 30, 2005
概括
伤寒发烧在全球导致数百万人的疾病和死亡. 新兴的抗生素耐药性需要更新的诊断,治疗方法,并强调安全饮用水,卫生设施和疫苗的重要性.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 2000年,伤寒发烧导致2160万例疾病和216500例死亡.
- 偏型发烧发生在1:4的比率与伤寒发烧相比.
- 越来越多的多药耐药菌株和诺基诺隆耐药性是全球重大问题.
研究的目的:
- 讨论尽管体外敏感,但诺基诺治疗失败的挑战.
- 审查了解伤寒分子病原学的进展.
- 探索新的诊断和治疗目标,并审查当前的指导方针.
主要方法:
- 审查关于伤寒流行病学和抗菌素耐药性的现有文献.
- 分子病原,基因组和蛋白质组研究的分析.
- 对诊断试验指南和抗菌药物选择策略的评估.
主要成果:
- 对诺基诺的不良临床反应甚至可以发生在敏感菌株中.
- 基因组和蛋白质组研究为新的诊断和治疗方法提供了潜力.
- 安全的饮用水,卫生设施和免疫是关键的干预措施,特别是随着抗生素耐药性的增加.
结论:
- 建议在特有病区,特别是学龄儿童用Vi或Ty21a疫苗进行常规免疫接种.
- 建议2-5岁儿童在高度特有环境中使用Vi疫苗.
- 包括公共卫生措施和疫苗接种在内的综合战略对于防治伤寒至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
01:28Factors Affecting Body Temperature
As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:
Factors may include:
01:25Increased Body Temperature
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
01:22Methods of reducing fever
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
01:29Decreased Body Temperature
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
01:22Burn Injuries
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...