双4-) -1,1,1-三乙 (DDT) 的健康风险和益处
1Epidemiology Branch, US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P O Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. rogan@niehs.nih.gov
Lancet (London, England)
|August 30, 2005
概括
DDT (bis[4-甲]-1,1,1-三乙) 是一种用于疟疾控制的昆虫杀虫剂. 虽然有效,但潜在的不良健康影响,如早产,需要进一步研究其风险益处平衡.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- DDT (bis[4-chlorohenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane) 是一种持久性杀虫剂,在全球范围内使用,直到20世纪70年代被禁止.
- 撒哈拉以南非洲国家主张继续在载体控制中使用DDT,因为它具有成本效益.
- 虽然由于生态原因被禁止使用,但其对人类健康的潜在影响需要仔细审查.
研究的目的:
- 评估DDT在疟疾控制中使用的持续必要性和潜在风险.
- 评估DDT对预防疟疾的益处及其对健康的不利影响之间的平衡.
主要方法:
- 对历史DDT使用情况和疟疾控制计划中的有效性进行审查.
- 分析最近关于DDT暴露和潜在的人类健康结果的研究,包括早产和早期断奶.
- 审查资源分配及其与非洲国家疟疾控制成功的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在疟疾控制中DDT的历史性成功与大量的资源投资有关.
- 研究表明,在疟疾控制水平下,DDT暴露可能对健康产生不利影响,可能会抵消婴儿死亡率的好处.
- 对DDT用于疟疾控制的风险效益分析仍然没有确定性.
结论:
- 虽然DDT在控制疟疾方面的有效性是公认的,但可能对人类健康造成的不良影响需要仔细考虑.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以确定DDT在疟疾控制中的好处是否超过其健康风险.
- 疟疾控制的成功是多方面的,需要大量的资源,而不仅仅是杀虫剂的选择.
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