2005年的医生-科学家职业管道:建立它,他们会来
Timothy J Ley1, Leon E Rosenberg
1Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo 63110, USA. tley@im.wustl.edu
JAMA
|September 22, 2005
概括
新的课程正在振兴医生科学家的职业生涯,显示医学学生的兴趣增加,MD-PhD候选人的增长. 贷款还款计划正在推动"迟"的医生科学家的增加.
科学领域:
- 医学研究 医学研究
- 医生科学家职业发展
背景情况:
- 医生科学家对于医学研究至关重要,但在20世纪末面临着数量下降和人口老龄化.
- 导致这一下降的因素包括医学院学费的上和由此产生的毕业生债务.
研究的目的:
- 评估国家卫生研究院 (NIH) 和旨在振兴医生科学家职业发展的非营利性计划的影响.
- 评估旨在支持和鼓励医生科学家的倡议的有效性.
主要方法:
- 使用NIH,美国医学协会和美国医学院协会的数据,分析医生科学家管道中的趋势.
- 评估医生研究数量,授予成功率 (MD,MD-PhD,博士学位),医学学生的研究兴趣,学费,工资,贷款偿还计划参与和性别分配.
主要成果:
- 医生科学家的总数保持稳定,但资助的队列年龄较大.
- 最近的数据显示,医学学生对研究的兴趣增加,MD-PhD池的增长,以及由NIH贷款偿还计划支持的"迟"MD进入研究职业的激增.
- 更成熟的医生科学家也出现了积极的趋势.
结论:
- 虽然长期影响尚未确定,但最近医生科学家管道的增长令人鼓舞.
- 持续为新计划提供资金,并继续为医生科学家提供支持,对于维持这些积极发展至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:24Single Pipe Systems
In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
01:21Multiple Pipe Systems
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...